So, you don't want to BUY a fountain. BUILD YOUR OWN!!! These Instructions were created by Doug Cristafir, Spokane Wa. (see copyright notice on bottom of page). HOW TO CREATE A TABLE TOP WATER FOUNTAIN Everyone seems to either want a fountain in their home or already has one. Many artists and companies offer a variety of fountains to the public in a broad range of prices and styles. But nothing can compare to the feeling and accomplishment of creating your own. By building your own you not only save a great deal of money, but select the specific materials that will become your own natural sanctuary in your home. The true joy is playing with the materials to create different sounds and looks that can be changed whenever you wish. These instructions are a basic guide to creating a simple fountain. How elaborate your fountain becomes is entirely up to your willingness to play with the materials and your imagination. Fountains can play an important role in our homes. Over the centuries, our patriarchal society has created homes that are, for the most part, angular and devoid of a natural feeling. We live in homes that are dis-connected from our natural world. Bringing plants and flowing water into our living spaces not only helps bring that natural ‘feeling’ back into our lives, it also serves to realign our relationship with Mother Earth visually and audibly. Nothing can replace a natural waterfall, but by bringing just a piece of that wonder into our lives begins the process of living fully again in a ‘whole’ universe. The basic concept of creating a fountain is...How to have water flowing through rocks, wood, shells, and whatever else you choose, in a way that sounds natural and looks pleasing...there are no wrong approaches...thus whatever you create is perfect for you. THE MORE YOU PLAY...THE MORE YOU WILL DISCOVER ABOUT HOW WATER FLOWS OVER STUFF!!! MATERIALS LIST Gathering your material (especially the natural objects) can become a TREASURE HUNT...each item can have special value because of where you found it...thus adding to the uniqueness and personal energy of your fountain. 1 container (ceramic/plastic pot or bowl )4- 6 inches deep 1 Pump (less than 100 gph ...gallons per hour) 1 ft. clear tubing (1/2" I.D. inner dimension or 5/8"( O.D. outer dimension) plastic/newspaper for table during assembly small rocks (pebbles) check out www.natures-emporium.com large rocks (fist size + or -) special rocks - crystals, semi-precious stones, colored rocks, figurines,shells (optional) drift wood pieces/special carvings (optional) Plants (optional) Pitcher to hold water during assembly (1/2 gallon) Knife or Scissors (to cut tubing) bucket or sink (to wash rocks and anything found outside) varnish (optional...for wood objects exposed to water/rocks for wet look) GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) see OTHER TOPICS -Safety Scrub brush (for cleaning rocks and driftwood) CONTAINERS The container that holds your fountain can vary greatly. You can use ceramic bowls, plastic flower pots, glass, or wood boxes. The easiest and least expensive are plastic pots or ceramic bowl...these will be the focus here. Note: Some plastic pots will tend to vibrate once you put everything together...Ceramic is more solid Choose one between 8 - 16 inches across in diameter...the larger the bowl the more you can put in them. Depth of at least 4 -6 inches (water has to cover the pump...otherwise the pump will burn-out and you will have to fill the fountain more often) Ceramic bowls must have no holes in the bottom. Plastic pots must also have no holes in the bottom (many newer pots have optional inserts that allow you to choose if you want a drainage hole). CONTAINER SOURCES Check in any greenhouse or garden supply store...large home supply stores(Home Depot, Home Base, Eagle Hardware, etc...check around your house...garage sales are great...high school or college art departments...art fairs...flea markets...House ware stores...you get the picture?? Pumps Fish tank pumps. The smallest ones work fine for the size container described here(not larger than a 100 gph...gallons per hour). However, there is quite a wide range of prices to choose from. A pump will last for years! After much research and calling many shops and distributors the pump offered on this website is the best buy for the value and quality...these little guys will pump water for years(you just have to keep them watered). Even with shipping and handling you will not find a better deal...go ahead call a few pet stores. Retail Pumps at pet stores will be in the $20 + range plus tax and you won’t get anything better than is offered here. But the real purpose here is to get your creative juices and sense of fun stimulated not to sell you... HOSE...you will need about a foot (actually less) of 1/2 inch (this is the inner dimension of the tubing or use 5/8 " outer dimension) clear tubing from a hardware store. They will cut you any length you want. But it’s always nice to have extra in case you change your mind in the middle of creating. Get a Foot it’s cheap (less than a dollar). To straighten the hose, boil it in water for a bit. ROCK Go to a Pet or Aquarium store and check out their bags of rock. They usually come in a variety of color and sizes. Most of this will be the small rock you use to cover your top layer to finish your fountain. For small fountains this can also be used to fill the entire bowl. You may also choose to gather your own rock from along the shores of lakes and rivers. For larger bowls(14 inches or larger) use any kind of lava rock...it is light and will keep the overall weight of your creation down. Or check out the updated method below Hardware/building/garden supply stores should have lava rock available. It may come in prepackaged bags or by the yard. You won’t need a whole lot of this fill rock or decorative top rock , but the cost is low and you can share it or use it for other applications or build more than one fountain (which many people do). For larger fountains (in the 14" diameter or greater) you can substitute polyethylene spray foam for the bulk of the rock. This is the stuff available in spray cans and used for insulation. It works great as a buffer under your upper rocks and really reduces the overall poundage of the fountain. It is an extra step and can be a little messy, so if you truly want to stay simple and cheaper stick with the rocks. Lava rock and spray foam are a little messy....dust and goo. But they do work. BIG ROCKS These you can collect from ...river bottoms...mountain tops...rock shops...rock shows...actually anywhere on the planet. These are the fist size (plus or minus) Whatever rock(s) strikes your fancy is a good rock to use. Unusual color or shaped are my favorite...they make the most exciting fountains. If you want them to keep that wet look, try clear polyethylene varnish ...this gives it a wet rock look (make sure the rock is dry before you apply the varnish. ALL ROCKS SHOULD BE WASHED FIRST...Larger ones use a scrub brush. Add a few drops of chlorine bleach to a bucket of water and let them soak for a while. This will kill any fungus and bacteria. This is mostly needed for rocks that you actually get out the woods. SPECIAL ROCKS These can be semi-precious stones such a quartz, turquoise, malachite, crystals etc. These can be any size and color...you are the one to decide. Shells are also great choices and can make some great water paths in your fountain. DRIFT WOOD/WOOD CARVINGS/STONE CARVINGS You name it you can put it in your fountain...of course if you are building a small one you want to keep the elements simple, but a small piece of any of these can work fine...JUST TRY IT OUT!!! (When using any wood piece you may want to varnish it just as described for rocks...otherwise the wood will rot quicker if exposed to constant water). PLANTS Most plants can be rooted in water so just take a clipping and, "voila", you have foliage for your fountain. Spider plants or Philodendrons work great. Eventually the roots will intertwine through your rocks, you could always redo your fountain or just leave the plant alone if it is doing fine. You could also try a small flower pot or glass container (a small glass...6 oz.)...fill it with water and pop your plant in there...when the roots get too big, replace it with another. Plants can also be potted with soil in any small flower pot or glass(use one without a hole in the bottom...otherwise it will get too much water), about a 3" wide pot works best (just not to big). Make sure you put some rock in the bottom of the pot for drainage. This plant can then be placed anywhere in your fountain. It is best placed out of the splash zone of the water. Tillandsia (a true air plant) would work great as long as you don't have water flowing over the plant all the time. You can also incorporate bonsai art into your fountain. This can add more expense to your overhead, but can be the extra touch that makes your fountain a piece of art. Bonsai does require more maintenance,so know what you are getting into before you create more work than you bargained for. Assembly of Your Fountain It is best to begin your fountain making venture with a small one ...10 inches or less. (NOTE: You may end up taking your fountain apart more than once as you decide how the different elements will work together...BE PATIENT AND DECIDE TO HAVE FUN!!!!) THESE STEPS ARE JUST GUIDELINES THESE STEPS ARE JUST GUIDELINES...There are many variations to creating a good fountain. Once you’ve put one together you will get ideas of what you may want to add to it. Pretend you are a young child playing in a stream building a dam with rocks...PLAY, PLAY, PLAY. BEFORE YOU BEGIN..... ON YOUR TABLE PUT DOWN TOWELS OR PLASTIC TO HELP WATER PROOF THE AREA. You WILL get wet. Select the elements you wish to incorporate into your fountain...rocks, wood, shells, etc...and lay them out around the table. You will change which elements you use a few times. STEP 1 Place the pump in the bottom of the pot making sure the electric wire is not bent at too sharp an angle. The pump can be in any spot (use the suction cups that come with most pumps to suction it to the bottom). Attach a section of the clear hose to the top of the pump ...a few inches of hose should work, but it depends how high the rocks are placed. (You can change the length of the hose as you go...start with a length that rises about 3 inches above the rim of the bowl). The hose will attach to a small piece of pipe that fits into the pump...(one pipe has a ‘dial’ on it for regulating water flow...USE THE ONE with no regulator ‘dial’, although either one works fine. The regulator can best be utilized if placed at the top of the hose where it is more easily accessible whence the fountain is complete...the regulator gives you different water flow options. Some pumps have their regulators built into the pump itself. I like it on the hose as described above...this way you can change the flow without taking the whole fountain apart. You may have to try a few lengths of hose before you hit the right one. (That’s why you should buy about a foot of hose...just in case). STEP 2 Once the pump is in place put some water in the container (bowl) and make sure the pump is working. If you are using the regulator here is where you may want to see what different settings will do. You can also test it out in the sink prior to placing it in the bowl. A WORD OF CAUTION!!!!!!!!!!!! ELECTRICITY AND WATER ARE NOT GOOD FRIENDS...MAKE SURE YOU HAVE TESTED THE PUMP IN WATER BEFORE PROCEEDING FURTHER. If there is a problem with the pump it will be obvious here. For safety...use a plug with a GFCI outlet (see other topics). Empty the water from the bowl and go on to the next step... STEP 3 Fill the bowl to about an inch from the top of the bowl with either the pumice or the rock you purchased at the pet store (keep the lava rock in water until you place it in the fountain bowl, then swish it in the water with each hand full you place in your bowl...this keeps the dust out of your fountain)(fig.1 and 2). Make sure the rock covers the pump (while covering the pump is not really necessary...it does make it easier to conserve room in a small bowl and for some pumps it helps muffle any hum. You may also choose to place larger rocks in the bowl around the pump first and then fill with other small fill rocks...play with it! Updated: Alternative Method Another Bowl/Container filler method. Instead of using Lava Rock (as stated in above instructions) the following method can be used: Materials #7 needlepoint canvas (plastic) enough to fit diameter of container PVC pipe ...4" diameter (or less if bowl is smaller than 10" diameter...use 3" PVC then) you will need just a few inch tall depending on the bowl depth. Styrofoam (for bowls or container larger than 12") Tools Durable scissors/ drill / Chop saw or hacksaw / compass (measuring kind) *************** Needlepoint canvas can be found at most fabric stores/needlepoint stores. But it has to be the plastic stuff. The material I use says it is a #7 (not sure if that is important). It just needs to be very stiff...although it will still be flexible. The little squares (mesh) will be about 1/8 th inch openings PVC pipe can be found at any hardware store...you can usually by a remnant 2' piece without having to purchase a full 8' one. Styrofoam (if assembling a larger fountain 12" or more) can also be found in a hardware store or in shipping materials. It seems to be everywhere. The density should be pretty good...although I just use the bubbly kind that makes a mess when you cut it, but it works great. Step One (for bowls 12" or smaller) The bowl requires some kind of taper to its shape for this method to work well. Bowls with straight sides may not support the mesh very well (you may just have to try things out). Measure the depth of the bowl from the inside. Subtract about and inch to an inch and a half from the depth. This is how long you will cut the PVC pipe. Mark your piece of PVC pipe and cut with a chop saw or with a hacksaw (chop saw works best...it's fast and keeps the cut nice and even/so find a friend with one). With a drill, bore holes about every two inches around one end of the pipe. Do two rows of these holes. This will allow water to flow into the pipe where the pump will be. Also cut/drill a notch on this same end to allow the cord of the pump to pass through. Set into the bottom of the bowl. (fig. 4) For Bowls larger than 12" (Cut the PVC pipe after this step) Larger bowls need more support beyond just using PVC pipe. Styrofoam works well to give the mesh more support between the PVC pipe and the edge of the bowl/container. The foam that I used was 2" thick white. First, measure the approximate diameter of the inner edge of the bowl. This is tricky as you must allow for the thickness of the foam. You want the foam to be 1" below the top edge of the bowl when it is inserted into the bowl (fig. 8). With a knife, cut the foam (it's messy). This will give you a round shape (somewhat...it just has to set in the bowl and doesn't have to be perfect). Place this in the bowl to make sure it fits O.K. You can always be cut to fit better if your cuts were a bit uneven. Next, cut the center out of the foam(more fun). You will basically have a wreath shape 2" thick with a hole (like a doughnut). Place this is the bowl to check for fit. It should be at least 1-11/2 inches from the top of the bowl edge. Lastly measure the depth from the bottom of your container to the top edge of the foam (as it sits in the bowl). This will give you the height to cut your PVC pipe. Do Not add water until you have some rocks on top of the mesh!(the foam floats you know) Another type of foam that you can use is the 'gray high density' stuff that is used in the shipping industry and for insulation in homes. It is usually 1" thick and is sold in most hardware stores. Unfortunately it comes in large sheets. But you may be able to find someone with a spare piece. The white stuff also comes in large sheets, but it is a more common form of packaging material. The basic idea is to use something that will help support the mesh in wider bowls that is strong and waterproof at the same time. I will inform you of other ideas as I try or hear of them. Step Two Measure across the top bowl at the level of the PVC pipe. It will be a couple of inches less than the bowl diameter itself. (add 1/2 inch to this measurement) This is where you will place the needlepoint canvas. With a compass (you know the kind you draw circles with) mark a circle the size of your measurement and cut with scissors or a utility knife. Set this circle of mesh on top of the PVC pipe in your bowl to make sure it fits properly. Ideally the mesh should fit a little larger (i.e. this is where the extra 1/2 inch comes in)...this larger fit will help keep any little rocks from forcing their way below the mesh. So when you put the mess on top of the PVC pipe in the bowl it will slightly bow upwards around the edges of the bowl. Step Three Remove the mesh and place your pump in the middle of the PVC pipe running the cord through the notch at the bottom of the PVC cylinder (fig. 5). Now the question is where do I cut the hole for the pump hose? Best bet is just a little bit off center. You can really create a fountain where ever you place the hose but somewhere around the center is best (just off center). Cut a square about 3/4ths of an inch square. Step Four So now you have the pump inside the PVC pipe with a piece of hose (coming out a few inches out of the top of the mesh) ...the mesh is on top of the PVC pipe sitting with a slight bow (fig. 6). Now you follow the same steps as in the regular instructions. Adding rock (fig. 7) and other accessories. Advantages I have been using the lava rock for 3 years. But there have been some problems with keeping the lava rock silt from sometimes clogging the pump and making the water dirty (I personally have never had this problem as long as you thoroughly clean the lava rock). While the lava rock is lighter than other rock it still has more weight than just water. The biggest plus is that you can go longer between watering your fountain by having a dominantly water reservoir without rocks below the surface of your fountain. Another advantage is that you could possibly drain your fountain without taking it apart by placing a hose (smaller than the one you use for the pump) between and below the mesh and siphon the water out to clean it. I also like this method because it just is a cleaner way to put it all together. Once you have the mesh in place, you don't have to be messing with the lava rock to get the larger rock to sit right. Try them both you'll see what I mean. STEP 4 Select larger rocks that will be your anchors for other rocks (fig. 3). There is no magic way to select these. You may find yourself spending a few hours arranging rocks or you may hit it just right...coming together in a few minutes. Again play, play , play. These anchor rocks can help you build the others. It is best to have a few extra rocks selected to play with in this process. Sometimes it just doesn’t seem to work at first. After you have placed these first larger rock in you bowl turn on the pump. The water may spray across the table... BE PREPARED!!!!!!! This is where you begin to really play with the elements. Watch what happens when you move the rocks in relation to the water...put a smaller rock above the water flow suspended by other rocks. You may want to try and hide any view of the pump and the hose to give your creation a natural look. Again Set up an arrangement of rocks, turn on the water ...see what happens. At this point you do not necessarily have to turn off the water every time you put your hands there, but as you work you will know when you need the water on. It is important to have a few extra rocks or elements available...this way you can try a few different combinations for a more creative water flow. Different rock combo’s will produce different water sounds. You may also wish to create the simple affect of the water just bubbling up out of the rocks (no large rocks necessarily). This is the easiest version...but with a little play and some wet forearms and fingers you can create a wonderful little natural rock garden. STEP 5 Once you’ve played for a while and have a workable arrangement with rocks you can add driftwood or other elements. These things do not have to be a part of the actual water course. But they can be worked into it if you wish (in other words...these additional elements when placed in the path of the water can further alter the water flow, thus changing the sounds and providing a more interesting visual display.) Once these additions are made, if you choose, let your fountain alone for a day or so. This will give you time to make sure none of the rocks are too unstable, plus to make sure the pumps works fine, and to play with a few of the elements in the fountain. STEP 6 When you are sure this is the arrangement you want...add some of the nice colored rock to the top of the lava rock or other pebbles, if you choose. There are no rules as to how your water garden should look. It is advisable not to add everything at once. If you change your mind you’ll have to pick it apart. As you assemble the fountain you will become intimate with how to do it...thus you will have no fear if you have to take it apart a few times to get it just the way you want it. Other Topics SAFETY As a safety precaution the National Electrical Code requires installing a different electric wall socket. It’s called a GFCI ( Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter). It comes with a breaker circuit that will automatically shut off in case of a pump malfunction. Available at hardware stores for about $8. SPLASH/WATER LEVEL As you will notice as you are making your fountain...it likes to splash! However you position your rocks, keep in mind a set-up that keeps most of your water in the bowl. You will have to add water every other day or so. These are submersible pumps and need to be underwater at ALL times. If you hear it gurgling fill it up(sooner is better). Usually about every other day depending on the size of the fountain (smaller ones more often). If you have thirsty cats/dogs you may have to fill it more often. USE DISTILLED WATER...Tap water is O.K. , but if it is hard water it will eventually leave water deposits on your rocks and bowl (That’s not a problem...it just doesn’t look great). You may also want to add a few occasional drops of ‘algae eater’ available at Pet Stores. This keeps anything weird from growing out of your fountain. A few drops of bleach or vinegar could also work just as well. I have been running my fountain for a year and a half with no weird stuff growing in it and just using tap water. SOUND How loud your fountain sounds depends on how you have arranged your elements and possibly if you have used the regulator. The more you have obstructed the path of the water the better the chance of some neat sounds. Play around with the rocks (one key rock is preferable) so that you may be able to adjust the sound for different times...it is amazing how one rock can change to total sound from gurgley to soft and quiet. RUNNING THE PUMP/VACATIONING/CLEANING You can leave the fountain running all of the time...just like a fish tank. If you will be away for more than a day you need to turn off your pump. This prevents the water from getting too low and burning out your pump. Also, if you will be gone for a number of days you may want to empty as much water as possible (this better keeps things from growing in it) by holding a cup under the flow of water and empty until it gurgles. If you try to tip it to empty it...well, you get the picture. It may be necessary to empty your water out periodically if it becomes dirty...this seems to depend on where you get your rocks (are they dirty or clean) The water may turn a light brown color( not usually noticeable)...It’s not a big deal, but once a month you may choose to collect the water in a cup (as above) and have clean water available to add as you empty. It may take a few cycles of this process before it becomes clean. Not every fountain will experience this...so just collect some water in a white cup and see what it looks like. Some kinds of rocks could also make the water milky. You may have to change some rocks until the milkyness disappears. If algae begins to grow you may want to add some algae eater available at pet stores. In some cases you may just have to redo the whole fountain to just give it a good cleaning. But at least you know how and you can recreate a whole new "look"!! LOCATION When you have finished your fountain creation you need to consider where to place it. Use your intuition to feel where you would like the sound of water in your home. Maybe amongst some plants, or on your night stand for sleeping. Or maybe create an alter for meditation. You can add a mirror on the wall behind the fountain to reflect the energy of the water. Flowing water signifies prosperity and emotions. You may also want to add a light for a more elaborate space. Books on the art of placement or Feng-shui can be helpful in creating energized places in your home. Check your library. STAND A platform or stand can be used to support your fountain. You can have one made just for your fountain by a skilled welder...or search the specialty shops for some found treasure. This is totally up to your imagination. Larger ones can just be on the floor. Sitting on an end table is just fine. You may need to put felt on the bottom to protect your table. Some type of pad on the bottom can also reduce any vibration noise from the pump. If your table is an expensive one you may want to change to a less vulnerable spot or place some kind of mat before you put the fountain there. Also Make sure there is an electric source nearby, extension cords are not a safe choice for continued use appliances. Other Options There are many other ways to create a fountain than what has been shared here. Multi-teared wooden boxes can create very interesting displays. You just need to water seal the wood and provide a seamless trough to hold the water. Outdoor Patio fountains usually require a larger pump and may evaporate more often. These instructions will hopefully help you get started into the wonderful world of flowing water. GET WET AND HAVE FUN PLAYING!!! Some Common Questions How do I take the Rio Pump apart? - If for some reason you need to take apart the part...On rare occasions a pump will not work upon plugging it in or even rarer will stop working. Almost always this can be remedied by removing the outer casing with the gridlike holes in it. Then remove the circular fan housing by lining up the two opposite notches in the wheel with the two posts and just gently pulling. This will expose the fan and magnet. You can just reassemble from here or if the pump has been running awhile take the fan and magnet out and clean with a toothbrush...then reassemble. The pump will sometimes continue working if you just turn the wheel a half turn. This is not something that happens often. In the over 2,500 pumps I have sold only 3 people have asked me what to do if their pump stops working. Why can't I use a shallow container for my fountain? I get many questions from people wanting 'tiny tiny' pumps so they can use 'tiny tiny' containers. I have seen some fountains for sale that have used 2 inch deep bowls. They do work but...you have to fill them just about every day...and many times you can see the pump. Seeing the pump takes all the magic out of a fountain. I still recommend at least a 3 1/2 inch deep container (and that is pushing it but it will work) You really do not want to be filling your fountain every day. It just increases the risk of burning out your pump for lack of water. And I know some people who have done it! How do I drill the ceramic container to hide the cord? Yes you can...but you won't rest at night wondering just when it will begin leaking all over your nice wood table or the antique hutch of the person you may have sold it to. In reality I'm sure there are ways to drill the whole (it has to be big enough to fit the actual plug through or you need to cut and splice the cord back together). But why would you want to do this in the first place? Some people have this issue with seeing a cord coming out of their creation. But actually when you finish your fountain you will be so much in awe of your creation that you will hardly notice the cord. You can bend the Rio pump cords over the side of the bowl...it becomes hardly noticed. And I'm sure you can find other way to conceal it. I use plants around some of my fountains. It is a noble concern...but try to get over it! If you wish to try though...someone e-mailed me saying a product called 'Household goop' works to reseal the hole in a ceramic bowl. I make no claims on this stuff, I haven't tried it yet. What is best for joining rocks together? Silicon will work O.K. as long as you don't constantly play with the rocks. Also try some 'liquid nails' (found in hardware stores in either a can or caulking tube).Just use small dabs of these products where the rocks touch. A friend of mine is joining all of his big rocks together so that they will just slip over his hose. This way your hard earned rock configuration is saved without trying to get the rocks just right again. Both of these products come in caulking tubes and require 24 hours before getting wet. These I only recommend for small fountains using no more that fist size rock. This really works well with fountains that you may want to sell. For your own fountain don't even bother to join the rocks together. You'll be walking along your favorite beach or mountain side and come upon a great rock that just calls to be in YOUR fountain. In other words, you will redue your own fountains many times. Who wants to glue them into permanence? I want to sell fountains as a business...any suggestions? I have no specific ideas about what kind of fountains you should or should not do. If you look around you will notice many kinds. There really is no end to what you can create. Some things I would suggest though. Don't quit your day job. While you may be able to make a bit extra cash on the side selling fountains it is not something that will just happen over night (like any new business). Play with making them for a while. Show them to your friends. They may want one...charge them for wanting one. Or give them as gifts. See if you like making them. If it is not a fun thing...then find another hobby. If you are really creative you may be good at creating unique fountains with no two alike. Or maybe big ones are your forte. Try different things...experiment. Most of all see what your friends think. If they don't want them ..take a hint! The best way to get into fountains as a business is to actually take on the 'nature' of the thing you are creating. Water flows....let your creativity and business flow, throw away the calculator! Get your hands wet and take one step at a time. If you find things working out and people are excited about your fountains then maybe you are ready to start a business. If not, then you have a really fun hobby and some great gifts for friends and family. ************************************** QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS E-MAIL TO:cristafir@hotmail.com These instructions are provided for free. If you wish to make a donation, address them to Doug Cristafir, P.O. Box 8592, Spokane, WA 99203 Share these with Friends...BUT... These instructions are protected under the Copyright Laws of the United States and cannot be used for personal gain in full or in part using any form without the written permission of the author. They are for personal use only and not intended to be used for your personal financial gain. This copyright warning must be included with any copy of these instructions. |
